[AipuWaton] Ho Utloisisa Bohlokoa ba Li-VLAN

Lithapo tse 8 tsa thapo ea Ethernet li etsa eng

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) ke theknoloji ea puisano e arolang LAN ea 'mele libakeng tse ngata tsa phatlalatso. VLAN e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ke sebaka sa phatlalatso moo mabotho a ka buisanang ka ho toba, ha puisano pakeng tsa VLAN e fapaneng e thibetsoe. Ka lebaka leo, melaetsa ea khaso e lekanyelitsoe ho VLAN e le 'ngoe feela.

Litaba

· Ke Hobane'ng ha VLANs li Hlokahala
·VLAN khahlano le Subnet
·VLAN Tag le VLAN ID
·Mefuta ea VLAN Interfaces le VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms
·Maemo a Tšebeliso ea li-VLAN
·Mathata a nang le VLAN ho Cloud Environments

Ke Hobane'ng ha VLANs li Hlokahala

Marang-rang a pele a Ethernet e ne e le mahlale a marang-rang a data a thehiloeng ho CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection) e sebelisang mekhoa ea puisano e arolelanoang. Ha palo ea ba amohelang mabotho e ntse e eketseha, e ile ea lebisa likhohlanong tse tebileng, lifefo tsa phatlalatso, ho senyeha ho hoholo ha ts'ebetso, esita le ho tima marang-rang. Leha ho hokahanya li-LAN ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa Layer 2 ho ka rarolla mathata a ho thulana, e ntse e hloleha ho arola melaetsa ea phatlalatso le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba marang-rang. Sena se ile sa lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea VLAN, e arolang LAN ho li-VLAN tse 'maloa tse utloahalang; VLAN e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e emela sebaka sa phatlalatso, se nolofalletsang puisano ka har'a VLAN joalokaha eka ke LAN ha e ntse e thibela puisano ea VLAN le ho koala melaetsa ea phatlalatso ka har'a VLAN.

配图1(為什么需要VLAN)-1

Sets'oants'o sa 1: Karolo ea Li-VLAN

Kahoo, li-VLAN li na le melemo e latelang:

‣ Meeli e Behang Mekhatlo ea Phatlalatso: Libaka tsa khaso li koaletsoe ka har'a VLAN, li boloka li-bandwidth le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le marang-rang.
· Ho ntlafatsa Tšireletso ea LAN: Melaetsa e tsoang ho VLAN e fapaneng e arotsoe nakong ea phetisetso, ho bolelang hore basebelisi ba ka hare ho VLAN e le 'ngoe ba ke ke ba buisana ka ho toba le basebelisi ba VLAN e 'ngoe.
· Keketseho ea Matla a Marang-rang: Liphoso li lekanyelitsoe ho VLAN e le 'ngoe, kahoo litaba tse ka hare ho VLAN e le' ngoe ha li ame ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea li-VLAN tse ling.
· Flexible Virtual Workgroup Construction: Li-VLAN li ka arola basebelisi ka lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa mosebetsi, ho lumella litho tsa sehlopha se le seng ho sebetsa ntle le ho behelloa ka thōko sebakeng se itseng sa 'mele, ho etsa hore kaho le tlhokomelo ea marang-rang e be bonolo le ho fetoha habonolo.

VLAN khahlano le Subnet

Ka ho tsoela pele ho arola karolo ea marang-rang ea liaterese tsa IP ho li-subnets tse 'maloa, tekanyo e tlaase ea tšebeliso ea sebaka sa aterese ea IP le ho tiea ha liaterese tsa IP tse peli li ka rarolloa. Joalo ka li-VLAN, li-subnet le tsona li ka arola puisano lipakeng tsa baamoheli. Baamoheli ba li-VLAN tse fapaneng ha ba khone ho buisana ka kotloloho, joalo ka ha ba amohelang li-subnets tse fapaneng ba ke ke ba khona ho buisana. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na mangolo a tobileng pakeng tsa tse peli.

VLAN Subnet
Phapang E sebelisetsoa ho arola marang-rang a Layer 2.
  Kamora ho hlophisa li-interface tsa VLAN, basebelisi ba li-VLAN tse fapaneng ba ka buisana hafeela ho thehiloe tsela.
  Ho fihlela ho 4094 VLANs ka hlalosoa; palo ea lisebelisoa ka har'a VLAN ha e na moeli.
Kamano Ka har'a VLAN e tšoanang, subnets e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta e ka hlalosoa.

VLAN Tag le VLAN ID

Ho etsa hore li-switches li khetholle melaetsa ho tsoa ho li-VLAN tse fapaneng, sebaka se khethollang tlhahisoleseling ea VLAN se tlameha ho kenyelletsoa melaetsa. IEEE 802.1Q protocol e bolela hore tag ea 4-byte VLAN (e tsejoang ka VLAN Tag) e kenyelelitsoe ho liforeimi tsa data tsa Ethernet ho khetholla tlhahisoleseding ea VLAN.

配图2 (VLAN Tag le VLAN ID)-2

Tšimo ea VID ka har'a foreimi ea data e khetholla VLAN eo foreimi ea data e leng ea eona; foreimi ya data e ka fetisoa feela ka har'a VLAN e khethiloeng. Tšimo ea VID e emela ID ea VLAN, e ka tlohang ho 0 ho ea ho 4095. Kaha 0 le 4095 li bolokiloe ke protocol, sebaka se nepahetseng sa li-ID tsa VLAN ke 1 ho ea ho 4094. Liforeimi tsohle tsa data tse sebetsoang ka hare ho sesebelisoa li jara li-tag tsa VLAN, ha lisebelisoa tse ling (tse kang li-server le li-server) tse hokahaneng le switch li romella feela le ho amohela liforeimi tsa setso tsa Ethernet ntle le li-tag tsa VLAN.

配图3(VLAN间用户的二层隔离)-3

Ka hona, ho sebelisana le lisebelisoa tsena, li-interfaces li tlameha ho lemoha liforeimi tsa setso tsa Ethernet le ho eketsa kapa ho hlobolisa li-tag tsa VLAN nakong ea phetisetso. Letšoao la VLAN le kentsoeng le lumellana le VLAN ea kamehla ea sebopeho (Port Default VLAN ID, PVID).

配图4-4
配图5 通过VLANIF实现VLAN间用户的三层互访-5
微信图片_20240614024031.jpg1

Mefuta ea VLAN Interfaces le VLAN Tag Handling Mechanisms

Marang-rang a hajoale, basebelisi ba VLAN e le 'ngoe ba ka hokeloa ho li-switch tse fapaneng, 'me ho ka ba le li-VLAN tse ngata tse pharalletseng li-switch. Haeba puisano ea basebelisi e hlokahala, likhokahano lipakeng tsa li-switches li tlameha ho tseba le ho romella liforeimi tsa data ho tsoa ho li-VLAN tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ho ipapisitsoe le lintho tse hokahaneng le hore na liforeimi li sebetsoa joang, ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea likhokahano tsa VLAN ho amohela likhokahano tse fapaneng le marang-rang.

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